
| Key | a | k | g | q | c | j | x | t | d | n | p | b | m | y | r | l | w | s | h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pujangga | ![]() |
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| Latin | a1 | ka | ga | nga | ca | ja | nya | ta | da | na | pa | ba | ma | ya2 | ra | la | wa2 | sa | ha |
| IPA | /ʔ-/ | /k-/ | /g-/ | /ŋ-/ | /tʃ-/ | /dʒ-/ | /ɲ-/ | /t-/ | /d-/ | /n-/ | /p-/ | /b-/ | /m-/ | /j-/ | /r-/ | /l-/ | /w-/ | /s-/ | /h-/ |
| 1 |
represents a glottal stop at both the beginning and end of a syllable, e.g.
ikan,
jumat /jum.ʔat/,
bapak /ba.paʔ/,
rakyat /raʔ.jat/
|
| 2 |
also used to represent diphthongs and glide-initial syllables after {i, u, é, o}, e.g.
pantai,
aula,
diam,
buih,
bea,
pertokoan,
pakaian, but
laut /la.ut/,
diambil (di- + ambil),
soal /so.ʔal/
|
| Key | k | kv | ki | kvi | ku | kvu | kz | kvz | ko | kvo | ke | kve | kfe | kf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pujangga | ![]() |
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| Latin | ka | kaN1 | ki | kiN1 | ku | kuN1 | ké | kéN1 | ko | koN1 | ke | keN1 | ker2 | k |
| IPA | /-a/ | /-aN/ | /-i/ | /-iN/ | /-u/ | /-uN/ | /-e/ | /-eN/ | /-o/ | /-oN/ | /-ə/ | /-əN/ | /-ər/ | /-/ |
| 1 |
N indicates a nasal consonant that assimilates to the following consonant, e.g.
mengikat (meng- + ikat),
tongkat,
benci,
tunda,
ember,
sangrai,
penglihatan,
angsa, but
tanpa
|
| 2 |
only used in prefixes or before a consonant within the same morpheme, e.g.
berada (ber- + ada),
bersih, but
sumber,
beras
|
| Key | , | . | [ | ] | ( | ) | - | / | ; |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pujangga | ![]() |
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| Latin | , | . | “ | ” | ( | ) | - | 1 | 2 |
| 1 |
abbreviation and reduplication mark, e.g.
KTP,
wapres (wakil presiden),
laki-laki,
secepat-cepatnya,
buah-buahan
|
| 2 |
consonant modifier, turns {k, j, p, s} into {kh, z, f, sy}, e.g.
khusus,
izin,
foto,
syarat
|
| Key | berkitf-/ ke hulu , berenqf-/ ke tepiynf . bfeskitf-/ dhulu , bfesenqf-/ kemudiynf . |
|---|---|
| Pujangga | ![]() |
| Latin | Berakit-rakit ke hulu, berenang-renang ke tepian. Bersakit-sakit dahulu, bersenang-senang kemudian. |
| Key | semuw aorqf dilhirfknf mfedzk dnf mvepuxai mrftbtf dnf hkf-/ yqf sm . merzk dikruniyai aklf dnf hti nurni dnf hvedkfx bfegaulf stu sm lainf dlmf semqtf pfeswfdranf . |
|---|---|
| Pujangga | ![]() |
| Latin | Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan. |